A inteligência artificial e seu emprego militar
Artificial intelligence and its military use
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, ; Autonomous Systems, International SecurityAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a scientific field of knowledge, has been establishing a key position in defense actions with the insertion of intelligent and/or autonomous military equipment, mainly after the beginning of the nineties. Replacing the presence of man in multiple scenarios is made possible by machines with learning capabilities, called machine learning. The emergence of joint intelligent systems, which act in concert, enhances the possibilities for readiness and effectiveness in military operations and conflicts in multiple domains. In this context, the general objective of the work is to analyze the growing use of military arsenal with autonomous and semi-autonomous capabilities, manned or not, and its implications for International Security. The bibliographical research showed that, within a short time, autonomous armed platforms will be introduced to new world conflicts, increasing lethal capabilities and preserving actors from states that hold these technologies, in addition to providing a prompt response to the global dynamics of threats generated by this new scenario.
Downloads
References
ALLEN, Gregory C. et al. Artificial Intelligence and International Security. Center for a New American Security’s series. Washington DC: CNAS, 2018.
BALLAZ, Xavi; FOLCH, Marc. Virtualización y actualizaciones del estadoguerra. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 2005.
BOSTROM, N. Superinteligência: caminhos, perigos e estratégias para um novo mundo. Rio de Janeiro: DarkSise Books, 2018.
BUCHANAN, Ben; MILLER, Taylor. Machine learning for policymakers: what it is and why it matters. 2017. 48 f. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, Ma, 2017.
ELHEFNAWY, Nader. Technological hype and the military balance. SSRN Electronic Journal, [s.l.], p.1-24, 2018. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3182383.
ERTEL, Wolfgang. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Undergraduate topics in computer science, [s.l.], p.1-311, 2011. Springer London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-299-5.
GILL, Amandeep Singh. Artificial Intelligence and International Security: The Long View. Ethics & International Affairs, Cambridge, v. 33, n. 2, p. 169-179, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ethics-and-internationalaffairs/article/abs/artificial-intelligence-and-international-security-the-longview/4AB181EAF648501422257934982A 4DD5. Acesso em: 03 nov. 2021.
GOMES, Dennis dos Santos. Inteligência Artificial: Conceitos e Aplicações. Revista Olhar Científico: Faculdades Associadas de Ariquemes, Rondônia, v. 1, n. 2, p.234-246, 2010.
HURST, Jules. O devido cuidado com a robotização do campo de batalha: as limitações cognitivas dos sistemas autônomos de combate e dos seres humanos. Military Review, Kansas, v. 4, n. 4, p.41-52, 2019. Trimenstral. Disponível em: <https://www.armyupress .army.mil/Portals/7/militaryreview/Archives/Portuguese/Hurst-O-Devido-Cuidado-com-a-Robotizacao-doCampo-de-Batalha-Por-Q4-2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2019.
KANTER, Rosabeth Moss. The Middle Manager as Innovator. Harvard Business Review, n. 82, Jul-Ago, 2004.
KLELLER, John. Artificial intelligence (AI) experts at SRI International to investigate self-aware machine learning. 2019. Disponível em:
<https://www.militaryaerospace.com/ computers/article/14040750/artificialintelligence-ai-selfaware-machine-learning>. Acesso em: 26 set. 2019.
MARTINELLI JÚNIOR, Orlando; RUFFONI, Janaína. O Processo de Inovação: características e dimensões analíticas. In: SILVA, Igor Castellano da; ROHENKOHL,Júlio Eduardo. Polos de Defesa e Segurança: estado, instituições e inovação. Santa Maria: Ufsm, 2020. p. 9-360.
OSTBERG, Malin Tronningsdal Jakobsen. Does military technology increase the likelihood of war? New precision and information technology and the future prospect of great-power war between the People's Republic of China and the United States”.
Tese de Doutorado (Ciências Sociais). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2015.
RUSSEL, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter. Inteligência Artificial. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
SCHARRE, Paul; HOROWITZ, Michael C.; WORK, Robert O. Artificial Intelligence: what every policymaker needs to know. 2018. 19 f. Center for a new American Security, Washington, 2018.
SCHULZKE, Marcus. Rethinking Military Virtue Ethics in an Age of Unmanned Weapons. Journal of Military Ethics, v.15, n.3, p.187-204, 2016.
SECHSER, Todd S.; NARANG, Neil; TALMADGE, Caitlin. Emerging technologies and strategic stability in peacetime, crisis, and war. Journal of Strategic Studies, v.42, n.6, p.727-735, 2019.
SPENCER, David K.; DUNCAN, Stephen; TALIAFERRO, Adam. Operationalizing artificial intelligence for multi-domain operations: a first look. In Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications, Maryland, v. 11006, 2019. Spie digital library.
UMBRELLO, Steven; BELLIS, Angelo F. de; TORRES, Phil. The future of war: the ethical potential of leaving war to lethal autonomous weapons. 2019. 14 f. Tese (Doutorado), Institute For Ethics And Emerging Technologies, Toronto, 2019.
WILLIAMS, Thomas M. Como entender a inovação. Military Review, Kansas, v. 6, n. 6, p.12-22, 2009. Bimestral. Disponível em:
<https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Porta ls/7/militaryreview/Archives/Portuguese/Directors-Select/Williams-Thomas-como-entender-ainovacao-POR-Directors-Select-Article-Oct-2018.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2019.
WILSON, J.r. Artificial intelligence (AI) in unmanned vehicles. 2019. Disponível em: <https://www.militaryaerospace.com/home/article/16709577/artificialintelligence-ai-in-unmanned-vehicles>. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2019.
YOO, John. Neil C. Embracing the Machines: Rationalist War and New Weapons Technologies. California Law Review, v.105, p.444-499, 2017.
